The following sites are referred to throughout the experimental sections of this web site.

Introduction to Pendulum Experiment References

Pendulum Experiments- a website that introduces the historical background of the pendulum and Galileo's contributions

Galileo's Web Class pendulum experiments

Galileo's Web Lesson Plans What variables affect the motion of a pendulum

Pendulum Reference for the Introductory Pendulum Experiment

Yo-Yo Pendulum This site shows how you can create a pendulum out of a yo-yo. It also discusses the scientific method, hypothesis creation and testing.

References helpful in discussing the relationship between models and experimental data:

Differential Equations Mechanical Oscillations Investigation deals with the role of Differential Equations in Case Studies involving springs and pendulums. Each module follows a standard process which scientists, engineers, and mathematicians often use in the study of physical systems.

Mathematical Modules How to develop a mathematical module

Natural Frequency Understanding natural frequency in mathematical modules

Mathematical Model Equation for the simple pendulum system

Comparison of revised model with experiment Here we compare the revised model that includes the dissipative effects of linear damping with actual experimental data. The comparison will illustrate the important role that damping plays in the prediction of experimental systems.

Advanced Pendulum Simulations